8 Effective Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease

August 17, 2023, Denta LTD

This article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the various treatment options for addressing periodontal disease, both surgical and non-surgical approaches. Patients and oral health professionals can make informed decisions to effectively manage and combat this condition by understanding these treatment modalities.

Surgical Treatment Options

Periodontal disease can advance to a stage where non-surgical interventions may not be sufficient to restore optimal oral health. Surgical treatment options address more severe cases of periodontal disease, where there is significant damage to the supporting structures of the teeth.

These surgical procedures aim to eliminate infection, restore damaged tissue, and create an environment conducive to healing and tissue regeneration. Regardless of the restoration technique you choose, the chances of long-term survival rates are usually high. According to an article published on the NCBI website, the long-term survival rates can range from 81% to 100%.

Flap Surgery (Pocket Reduction Surgery)

Flap surgery, also known as pocket reduction or Osseous surgery, is a standard surgical procedure to treat advanced periodontal disease. According to Dental Specialists of Southern Colorado, this procedure helps reshape deformities. During this procedure, the gum tissue is gently lifted away from the teeth, allowing the dentist to access the roots and the underlying bone.

Any tartar buildup or infected tissue is removed, and the root surfaces are thoroughly cleaned. The gum tissue is then repositioned, creating a snug fit around the teeth. This reduces the depth of the pockets between the teeth and gums, making it easier to maintain proper oral hygiene.

Benefits:
● Reduction of pocket depths, preventing further bacterial growth.
● Enhanced access for thorough cleaning and removal of infection.
● Improved gum attachment to the tooth surface.
● Potential for enhanced overall gum health and stability.

Gingival Grafting (Gum Grafts)

Gingival grafting, also known as gum grafts, involves the transplantation of gum tissue from one area of the mouth to another. This procedure is commonly used to treat cases of gum recession caused by periodontal disease. During the grafting procedure, tissue is taken from the donor site and placed over the affected area, covering exposed roots.

Gum grafting is usually a procedure conducted to prevent tooth extraction. However, there are chances that your gums will get affected even after grafting, primarily if you don't take care of them. Hence, you might have to go with a tooth extraction in such scenarios.

You must take care of your dental hygiene after getting gum grafts. It is also recommended to consult with a dental specialist who excels in both gum grafting & tooth extraction. This ensures you don't have to visit two different dentists for each procedure. You can find a dental surgeon specializing in gum grafting & tooth extraction if you do a Google search or ask for recommendations.

Types of gum grafts include:
● Connective Tissue Grafts: Tissue taken from under the palate's surface.
● Free Gingival Grafts: Tissue directly harvested from the palate's texture.
Benefits:
● Improved aesthetics and gumline appearance.
● Reduction of tooth sensitivity due to exposed roots.
● Protection of tooth roots and prevention of further recession.

Guided Tissue Regeneration

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a surgical technique to regenerate lost periodontal tissues, such as bone and connective tissue. In this procedure, a barrier membrane is placed between the gum tissue and the root surfaces of the teeth. This membrane prevents unwanted gum tissue from growing into the healing area, allowing only bone and connective tissue cells to populate the region. This technique promotes new tissue growth in areas affected by periodontal disease.

Benefits:
● Restoration of lost bone and connective tissue.
● Preservation of proper tissue architecture and function.
● Encouragement of tissue regeneration and healing.

Bone Grafting

Bone grafting is used to regenerate lost bone tissue caused by periodontal disease. In advanced cases, bone loss around the teeth can compromise their stability. During a bone grafting procedure, a small piece of bone is placed in the area of bone loss. This graft serves as a scaffold for new bone growth, aiding bone tissue regeneration and providing better support for the teeth.

Types of bone grafts include:
● Autografts: Bone taken from the patient's own body.
● Allografts: Donor bone from another person.
● Xenografts: Bone graft material derived from animals.
● Synthetic grafts: Lab-created bone-like material.
Advantages:
● Stabilization of teeth and prevention of further bone loss.
● Restoration of proper bone support for teeth.
● Enhancement of overall oral health and functionality.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Non-surgical treatment options are often the initial approach to managing periodontal disease, particularly in its early stages.

Scaling and Root Planing

Also known as deep cleaning, scaling and root planning is a fundamental non-surgical procedure for treating periodontal disease. This sector enjoyed a revenue share of 36.1% in 2021. During this process, the dentist carefully removes plaque, tartar, and bacterial toxins from the tooth surfaces above and below the gum line.

Benefits:
● Reduction of bacteria and toxins causing inflammation.
● Improved gum health and reduced pocket depths.
● Enhanced conditions for gum tissue reattachment.
● Prevention of disease progression.

Antibiotic Therapy

Antibiotics can be used as adjuncts to non-surgical treatments to control bacterial infection. Local antibiotics, such as antimicrobial mouth rinses or gels, are applied directly to the affected areas to target and reduce bacterial populations. Systemic antibiotics may also be prescribed for more severe cases or when the infection has spread.

Types of Antibiotics:

● Tetracycline: Effective against a wide range of bacteria.
● Metronidazole: Targeting specific anaerobic bacteria.
● Minocycline: Reducing inflammation and bacteria.
Considerations:
● Proper dosage and adherence to the treatment regimen.
● Potential for antibiotic resistance and side effects.

Laser Therapy

Laser-assisted therapy is a modern approach to treating periodontal disease. It is often used with scaling and root planing for more precise and less invasive treatment. Per a Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science study, 86% of patients get plaque free after 12- to 18 months post-treatment.

Advantages:

● Reduced discomfort and pain during and after treatment.
● Faster healing and reduced bleeding.
● Enhanced penetration of deep periodontal pockets.
Professional Dental Cleanings
Regular professional dental cleanings are essential for maintaining optimal oral health and preventing the progression of periodontal disease. Dental hygienists use specialized tools to remove plaque, tartar, and stains from tooth surfaces. These cleanings are typically performed every six months and serve as preventive measures to catch and address early signs of gum disease.

Importance:

● Early detection and intervention.
● Removal of bacterial buildup to prevent infection.
● Patient education on proper oral hygiene practices.

Conclusion

Periodontal disease demands timely and appropriate intervention to prevent its progression and related complications. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options offer viable approaches for managing the disease.
In collaboration with oral health professionals, patients should carefully consider their needs and preferences when selecting the most suitable treatment path. By following recommended maintenance and ongoing care practices, individuals can work towards preserving their oral health and overall well-being.

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