Understanding Periodontal Disease

June 05, 2024, Uplands Dental Clinic

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a sneaky thief. It starts subtly, often with just a little redness or bleeding in the gums, and gradually progresses, threatening the very foundation of your smile – the bone that supports your teeth.

Here's a breakdown to help you understand periodontal disease and how to keep your smile healthy:

What is Periodontal Disease?

It's an inflammatory condition caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film teeming with bacteria, at the gumline. If left unchecked, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which irritates the gums and creates pockets between the teeth and gums. These pockets become breeding grounds for bacteria, leading to deeper infection and inflammation.

Stages of Periodontal Disease:

• Gingivitis: The earliest stage, characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums. This is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
• Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis. In this stage, the infection spreads, damaging the bone and connective tissues that support your teeth. Gums may recede, teeth may loosen, and bad breath (halitosis) can become chronic.

Risk Factors:

• Poor oral hygiene: Brushing and flossing regularly are crucial to remove plaque.
• Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system's ability to fight infection.
• Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can worsen gum disease.
• Family history: Some people are genetically predisposed to gum disease.
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can increase susceptibility.

Symptoms:

• Bleeding gums, even with gentle brushing
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Receding gums, making teeth appear longer
• Loose teeth
• Persistent bad breath
• Pus between the teeth and gums
• A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite

Treatment Options:

Early diagnosis and intervention are key! Depending on the severity, treatment may involve:

• Professional cleaning: A deep cleaning, called scaling and root planing, removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline.
• Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be needed to combat the infection.
• Surgery: In advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged bone and tissue or remove loose teeth.

Preventing Periodontal Disease:

• Practice good oral hygiene: Brush twice daily for two minutes and floss once a day.
• Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings: Aim for professional cleanings every six months, or as recommended by your dentist.
• Maintain a healthy diet: Limit sugary foods and eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
• Manage chronic health conditions: Work with your doctor to control diabetes or other conditions that can worsen gum disease.
• Quit smoking: This is one of the best things you can do for your overall health, including your gums.

By understanding periodontal disease and taking steps to prevent it, you can keep your smile healthy and strong for years to come. If you have any concerns about your gums, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment with our dentist in Nanaimo. Early detection and treatment are essential for maintaining a healthy smile and preventing tooth loss.

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